HAGAR THE OPPRESSED: POWER-RELATIONS ANALYSIS IN GENESIS 16:1-16
Abstract
The basis of the relationship between superiors and subordinates is mutual need. This will create a climate of harmony between the two, away from conflict. However, the fact is that there are conflicts between superiors and subordinates that lead to violence committed by superiors/employers against their subordinates. This shows that relationships are the aspect of power. This case happened to Hagar, as recorded in Genesis 16:1-16. Hagar, a servant, was abused by her mistress, Sarai. Hagar's attitude of belittling Sarai, because she was pregnant triggered the violence. Sarai, who was hurt and suffering, used her authority to oppress Hagar. This study aims to analyze the relationship between power relations and the violence experienced by Hagar in Genesis 16:1-16. The qualitative method used in this research is based on a pure literature study with a sociocultural approach. Based on the study's results, it was found that the prevailing culture triggered the abuse of power that had a violent impact on Hagar at that time and Sarai's emotions over Hagar's humiliation.
References
Faleni, Mzukisi Welcome. 2018. “Hagar: Case Study of Abuse of Women.” University of the Western Cape.
Feyerabend, Karl. 1992. Langenscheidt’s Pocket Hebrew Dictionary to the Old Testament. Berlin: Langenscheidt.
Kalvari, Bimbing. 2014. “Lepas Dari Kungkungan: Tafsir Naratif Atas Kisah Hagar (Kejadian 16:1-16; 21:8-21).” Pambelum: Jurnal Teologi 4, no. 2: 77–104.
Lempp, Walter. 2015. Tafsiran Alkitab: Kitab Kejadian 12:4-25:18. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia.
Maimon, Yossi. 2016. Discover the Land of Israel: A Guided Tour in Biblical Israel with Talmud and Midrash. Yerusalem: Mazo Publishers.
Mamus, Martina. 2018. “Hagar Perempuan Merdeka: Inspirasi Bagi Perjuangan Kesetaraan Gender.” Melintas 33, no. 3: 279–301. https://doi.org/10.26593/mel.v33i3.3073.279-301.
Means, E. G. 2017. “Genesis, and: Hagar and Sarai, and: Remembering Being Is Birth, and: Natality.” Colorado Review 44, no. 1: 140–45. https://doi.org/10.1353/col.2017.0027.
Muryati, Muryati, Melvin Abrillian, Purim Marbun, and Yusak Setianto. 2022. “Konsep Terikat Dan Terlepas Dalam Matius 16: 19 Dan Implikasinya Bagi Pemimpin Gereja.” Manna Rafflesia 8, no. 2 (April): 475–97. https://doi.org/10.38091/man_raf.v8i2.219.
Mustafainah, Aflina, and Dkk. 2020. “Kekerasan Meningkat: Kebijakan Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual Untuk Membangun Ruang Aman Bagi Perempuan Dan Anak Perempuan.” KOMNAS Perempuan. 2020. https://openparliament.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Catatan-Tahunan-Kekerasan-Terhadap-Perempuan-2020.pdf.
Onwukwe, Vincent Chukwuma. 2020. “Characterisation and Plot(s) in Genesis 16: A Narrative-Critical Analysis.” Scriptura 119, no. 1: 1–17.
Owens, John Joseph. 1998. Analytical Key to the Old Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House.
Packer, J. I., Merrill C. Tenney, and Jr. William White. 2014. Ensiklopedi Fakta Alkitab: Bible Almanac 2. Malang: Gandum Mas.
Reyburn, William D., and Euan McG. Fry. 2020. Pedoman Penafsiran Alkitab: Kitab Kejadian. Jakarta: Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia.
Sakenfeld, Katharine Doob. 2003. Just Wives: Stories of Power and Survival in the Old Testament and Today. Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press.
Strong, James. 1986. “A Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Hebrew Bible.” In Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible. Iowa Falls: World Bible Publishers.
Walton, John H., Mark W. Chavalas, and Victor H. Matthews. 2000. The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament. Illinois: InterVarsity Press.
Zaluchu, Sonny Eli. 2020a. Pentateuch: Narasi-Narasi Utama Kitab Musa. Semarang: Golden Gate Publishing.
———. 2020b. “Strategi Penelitian Kualitatif Dan Kuantitatif Di Dalam Penelitian Agama.” Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan Warga Jemaat 4, no. 1: 28–38. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v4i1.167.
Zaluchu, Sonny Eli, and Ayu Aditiarani Seniwati. 2020. “Analisis Konflik Dalam Narasi Pertikaian Sara Dan Hagar Dalam Kejadian 16:1-16.” Kenosis 6, no. 1: 146–61.
Copyright (c) 2023 Muryati Muryati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.